1. Subject
The subject is the agent of the sentence in the active voice; it is the person or thing that performs or is responsible for the action of the sentence.
- The subject may be a single noun:
Juice is fresh.
Carrot contains vitamin.
- The subject may be a noun phrase:
The laptop is on the table.
That new sports car is Ari's.
- It can act as a pronoun for a noun or can be subject of an impersonal verb, and it is part of idiomatic expression:
it rains quite often here in the summer.
it is hard to believe that he is a terrorist.
- There can act as pseudo-subject and is treated like a subject when changing word order into a question:
There is a student in the classroom now. is there a student in the classroom now?
- Gerund -verb ing
Reading is good.
- To infinitive
To tell the truth is sometimes not easy.
2. Verb
The verb follows the subject; it generally shows the action of the sentence. Every sentence must have a verb.
- The verb may be a single word:
Ralph rides too slowly.
They like sports.
Ari is very rich.
- The verb may be a verb phrase; a verb phrase= 1 or more auxilaries + 1 main verb.
Mark is going to Paris next week.
Marry has been cooking spaghetti
He should go to New York.
3. Complement
A complement completes the verbs. it is usually a noun or noun phrase. It generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice. A complement answers the question What? or Whom?
- Examples of complement:
Susan sold brownies yesterday. (what)
She saw Mario at the restaurant last sunday. (whom)
4. Modifier
A modifier tells the time, place, or manner of the action, very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and its object. A modifier can also be an adverb or adverbial phrase. A modifier answer the question When?, Where? How?
- Modifier of place
Robin bought a medicine at the drugstore.
- Modifier of manner
She was running very fast.
- Modifier of time
We studied English at 8 o'clock.
- Modifier as a prepositional phrase
He went jogging in the morning.
- Modifier as an adverb
She cried last night.
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